vanhocvietnam: December 2015

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Catholic_scientists

There is a proposal that portions of this article be split into a new article titled List of Roman Catholic cleric-scientists. (Discuss) (June 2014)

There is a proposal that portions of this article be split into a new article titled List of Jesuit scientists. (Discuss) (June 2014)

Catholic scientists[edit]

· Maria Gaetana Agnesi (1718–1799) –

Italian Mathematician who wrote on differential and integral calculus

· Georgius Agricola (1494–1555) –

German Catholic, Father of mineralogy^[6]

· Albertus Magnus (c.1206–1280) –

Patron saint of natural sciences

· Mariano Artigas (1938–2006) –

Spanish physicist, philosopher and theologian who received the Templeton Foundation Prize in 1995

· André-Marie Ampère (1775–1836) –

One of the main discoverers of electromagnetism

· Leopold Auenbrugger (1722-1809) –

Austrian physician, first to use percussion as a diagnostic technique in medicine

· Adrien Auzout (1622-1691) –

French astronomer who contributed to the development of the telescopic micrometer

· Amedeo Avogadro (1776–1856) –

Italian scientist, noted for contributions to molecular theory and Avogadro's Law

· Francisco J. Ayala (1934–present) –

Spanish-American biologist and philosopher at the University of California, Irvine,^[7]^[8]

· Roger Bacon (c. 1214–1294) –

Franciscan friar and early advocate of the scientific method

· Stephen M. Barr (1953–present) –

Professor in the Department of Physics and Astronomy at the University of Delaware and a member of its Bartol Research Institute

· Daniello Bartoli (1608–1685) –

Italian Jesuit priest and one of the first to see the equatorial belts of Jupiter

· Laura Bassi (1711–1778) –

Italian physicist at the University of Bologna and Chair in experimental physics at the Bologna Institute of Sciences, the first woman to be offered a professorship at a European university

· Antoine César Becquerel (1788–1878) –

French scientist, pioneer in the study of electric and luminescent phenomena

· Antoine Henri Becquerel (1852–1908) –

French scientist, awarded the Nobel Prize in physics for his co-discovery of radioactivity

· John Desmond Bernal (1901–1971) –

British pioneer in X-ray crystallography in molecular biology.^[9]^[10]

· Claude Bernard (1813–1878) -

French physiologist who helped to apply scientific methodology to medicine

· Jacques Philippe Marie Binet (1786–1856) –

Mathematician known for Binet's formula and his contributions to number theory

· Jean-Baptiste Biot (1774–1862) –

Physicist who established the reality of meteorites and studied polarization of light

· Bernard Bolzano (1781–1848) –

Bohemian priest and mathematician who contributed to differentiation, the concept of infinity, and the binomial theorem

· Giovanni Alfonso Borelli (1608–1679) –

Italian physiologist, often referred to as the father of modern biomechanics

· Roger Joseph Boscovich (1711–1787) –

Croatian jesuit priest and polymath known for his atomic theory and many other scientific contributions

· Raoul Bott (1923–2005) –

Hungarian-American mathematician known for numerous basic contributions to geometry in its broad sense.^[11]^[12]

· Thomas Bradwardine (c.1290–1349) –

English archbishop and one of the discoverers of the mean speed theorem

· Louis Braille (1809–1852) –

French inventor of the Braille reading and writing system

· Edouard Branly (1844-1940) –

French inventor and physicist known for his involvement in wireless telegraphy and his invention of the Branly coherer

· Martin Stanislaus Brennan (1845–1927) –

American Roman Catholic priest, astronomer and writer

· James Britten (1846–1924) –

English botanist, member of the Catholic Truth Societyand Knight Commander of the Order of St. Gregory the Great.^[13]

· Hermann Brück (1905-2000) – Astronomer Royal for Scotland from 1957-1975; honored by Pope John Paul II

· Albert Brudzewski (c. 1445-c.1497) –

Polish astronomer, first to state that the Moon moves in an ellipse

· Jean Buridan (c.1300–after 1358) –

French priest who developed the theory of impetus

· Alexis Carrel (1873–1944) –

French surgeon and biologist, awarded the Nobel Prize in Medicine for pioneering vascular suturing techniques

· John Casey (mathematician) (1820–1891) – Irish geometer known for Casey's theorem

· Giovanni Domenico Cassini (1625–1712) –

Italian mathmatician, astronomer, astrologer and engineer, first to observe four of Saturn's moons and the co-discoverer of the Great Red Spot on Jupiter

· Augustin-Louis Cauchy (1789–1857) –

French mathematician who was an early pioneer in analysis

· Bonaventura Cavalieri (1598–1647) –

Italian mathematician known for his work in optics and motion, calculus, and for introducing logarithms to Italy

· Andrea Cesalpino (c.1525–1603) –

Italian botanist who also theorized on the circulation of blood

· Jean-François Champollion (1790–1832) –

French scholar, published the first translation of the Rosetta Stone

· Guy de Chauliac (c.1300–1368) –

French physician and surgeon named the most eminent surgeon of the Middle Ages

· Albert Claude (1899–1983) –

Belgian medical doctor, awarded the Nobel Prize in Medicine for his contributions to cytology

· Christopher Clavius (1538–1612) –

German Jesuit mathematicien, who was the main architect of the Gregorian calendar

· Mateo Realdo Colombo (1516–1559) –

Italian professor of anatomy and surgeon,discovered the pulmonary circuit,^[14]which paved the way for Harvey's discovery of circulation

· Carl Ferdinand Cori (1896–1984) –

Czech biochemist, shared the 1947 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine with his wife for their discovery of the Cori cycle

· Gerty Cori (1896–1957) –

Biochemist who was the first American woman win a Nobel Prize in science (1947)^[15]

· Gaspard-Gustave Coriolis (1792–1843) –

French mathematicien, formulated laws regarding rotating systems, which later became known as the Corialis effect

· Charles-Augustin de Coulomb (1736–1806) –

French physicist known for developing Coulomb's law

· Nicolaus Copernicus (1473–1543) –

First person to formulate a comprehensive heliocentric cosmology

· Johann Baptist Cysat (c.1587–1657) –

Swiss Jesuit priest known for his study of comets

· René Descartes (1596–1650) –

Father of modern philosophy and analytic geometry

· Johann Peter Gustav Lejeune Dirichlet (1805-1859) –

German mathematicians who contributed to number theory and was one of the first to give the modern formal definition of a function

· Alberto Dou (1915-2009) -

Spanish Jesuit priest who was president of the Royal Society of Mathematics, member of the Royal Academy of Natural, Physical, and Exact Sciences, and one of the foremost mathematicians of his country.

· Pierre Duhem (1861–1916) –

French historian of science who made important contributions to hydrodynamics, elasticity, and thermodynamics

· Jean-Baptiste Dumas (1800–1884) –

French chemist who established new values for the atomic mass of thirty elements

· John Eccles (1903–1997) –

Awarded the Nobel Prize in Medicine for his work on the synapse^[16]

· Gerhard Ertl (1936– ) –

German physicist who won the 2007 Nobel Prize in Chemistry for his studies of chemical processes on solid surfaces^[17]

· Stephan Endlicher (1804–1849) –

Autrian botanist who formulated a major system of plant classification

· Bartolomeo Eustachi (c.1500–1574) –

One of the founders of human anatomy

· Hieronymus Fabricius (1537–1619) –

Father of embryology

· Gabriele Falloppio (1523–1562) –

Pioneering Italian anatomist who studied the human ear and reproductive organs

· Mary Celine Fasenmyer (1906–1996) –

Roman Catholic sister and mathematician, founder of Sister Celine's polynomials

· Hervé Faye (1814-1902) –

French astronomer whose discovery of the periodic comet4P/Faye won him the 1844 Lalande Prize and membership in the French Academy of Sciences

· Pierre de Fermat (1601–1665) –

French number theorist who contributed to the early development of calculus

· Enrico Fermi (1901–1954) –

Italian physicist, awarded the Nobel Prize in physics for his work in induced radioactivity

· Jean Fernel (1497-1558) –

French physician who introduced the term physiology

· Fibonacci (c.1170–c.1250) –

Popularized Hindu-Arabic numerals in Europe and discovered the Fibonacci sequence

· Hippolyte Fizeau (1819–1896) –

French physicist, the first person to determine experimentally the velocity of light^[18]

· Léon Foucault (1819–1868) –

French physicist, invented the Foucault pendulum to measure the effect of the earth's rotation

· Joseph von Fraunhofer (1787–1826) –

German optician, discovered Fraunhofer lines in the sun's spectrum

· Augustin-Jean Fresnel (1788–1827) –

Frenh engineer, made significant contributions to the theory of wave optics

· Galileo Galilei (1564–1642) –

Father of modern science^[19]

· Luigi Galvani (1737–1798) –

Italian physician, formulated the theory of animal electricity

· William Gascoigne (1610-1644) –

English astronomer, developed the first micrometer

· Pierre Gassendi (1592–1655) –

French astronomer and mathematician who studied the transit of Mercury and named the aurora borealis

· Joseph Louis Gay-Lussac (1778–1850) –

French chemist known for two laws related to gases

· Riccardo Giacconi (1931– ) –

American Nobel Prize-winning astrophysicist who laid the foundations of X-ray astronomy

· Camillo Golgi (1843–1926) –

Italian biologist, scientist, Nobel Prize-winning pathologist and physician

· Paula González (1932–present) – American Roman Catholic sister and professor of biology

· Francesco Maria Grimaldi (1618–1663) -

Italian Jesuit who discovered the diffraction of light

· Robert Grosseteste (c.1175–1253) –

Called "the first man to write down a complete set of steps for performing a scientific experiment."^[20]

· Peter Grünberg (1939– ) –

German physicist, and Nobel Prize in Physics laureate.^[21]

· Johannes Gutenberg (c.1398–1468) –

German inventor of the printing press

· Jean Baptiste Julien d'Omalius d'Halloy (1783–1875) –

Belgian. One of the pioneers of modern geology^[22]

· John Harsanyi (1929–2000) –

Hungarian-American economist and Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences winner.^[23]

· René Just Haüy (1743–1822) –

French priest and father of crystallography

· Eduard Heis (1806–1877) –

German astronomer who contributed the first true delineation of the Milky Way

· Jan Baptist van Helmont (1579–1644) –

Flamish = Dutch, founder of pneumatic chemistry

· George de Hevesy (1885–1966) –

Hungarian radiochemist and Nobel laureate.^[24]

· Charles Hermite (1822–1901) –

French mathematician who did research on number theory, quadratic forms, elliptic functions, and algebra

· John Philip Holland (1840–1914) –

Irish engineer, developed the first submarine to be formally commissioned by the U.S. Navy

· Antoine Laurent de Jussieu (1748–1836) –

French botanist, the first to propose a natural classification of flowering plants

· Mary Kenneth Keller (c.1914–1985) –

Sister of Charity and first American woman to earn a PhD in computer science, who helped develop BASIC

· Eusebio Kino (1645 - 1711) -

Italian Jesuit missionary and cartographer who drew maps based on his explorations first showing that California was not an island as then believed.

· Athanasius Kircher (c.1601–1680) – Jesuit scholar who has been called "the last Renaissance man"

· Brian Kobilka (1955– ) –

American Nobel Prize winning professor who teaches at Stanford University School of Medicine.^[25]^[26]

· Nicolas Louis de Lacaille (1713–1762) –

French astronomer noted for cataloguing stars, nebulous objects, and constellations

· René Laennec (1781–1826) –

French physician who invented the stethoscope

· Joseph Louis Lagrange (1736–1813) –

Italian mathematician and astronomer known for Lagrangian points and Lagrangian mechanics

· Jean-Baptiste Lamarck (1744–1829) –

French naturalist, biologist and academic whose theories on evolution preceded those of Darwin

· Johann von Lamont (1805-1879) –

Scottish-German astronomer and physicist who studied the magnetism of the Earth and was the first to calculate the mass of Uranus

· Karl Landsteiner (1868–1943) –

Austrian and American biologist and physician. Nobel Prize winner who identified and classified the human blood types

· Pierre André Latreille (1762–1833) – Pioneer in entomology

· Antoine Lavoisier (1743–1794) –

Father of modern chemistry^[27]

· Jérôme Lejeune (1926–1994) – Pediatrician and geneticist, best known for his discovery of the link of diseases to chromosome abnormalities

· Georges Lemaître (1894–1966) –

Father of the Big Bang theory^[28]

· Anthony James Leggett (1938– ) –

His pioneering work on superfluidity was recognized by the 2003 Nobel Prize in Physics.^[29]

· Marcello Malpighi (1628–1694) –

Italian biologist and physician, father of comparative physiology^[30]

· Étienne-Louis Malus (1775–1812) –

French physicist and mathematicien, discovered the polarization of light

· Anna Morandi Manzolini (1714–1774) –

Borned in Bologna, Italy. Anatomist and anatomical wax artist who lectured at the University of Bologna

· Giovanni Manzolini (1700-1755) –

Anatomical wax artist and Professor of anatomy at the University of Bologna, Italy

· Guglielmo Marconi (1874–1937) –

Italian inventor and electrical engineer, father of long-distance radio transmission

· Edme Mariotte (c.1620–1684) –

French physicist and priest who independently discovered Boyle's Law

· Pierre Louis Maupertuis (1698–1759) –

French mathematicien,known for the Maupertuis principle and for being the first president of the Berlin Academy of Science

· Craig Mello (1960– ) –

American biologist who was awarded the 2006 Nobel Prize, with Andrew Fire, for the discovery of RNA interference.^[31]

· Gregor Mendel (1822–1884) –

German-speaking Moravian, father of genetics

· Michele Mercati (1541-1593) – One of the first to recognize prehistoric stone tools as man-made

· Marin Mersenne (1588–1648) –

Father of acoustics and mathematician for whom Mersenne primesare named.

· Charles W. Misner (1932–present) –

American cosmologist dedicated to the study of general relativity

· Kenneth R. Miller (1948–present) –

American cell biologist and molecular biologist who teaches at Brown University.^[32]

· Mario J. Molina (1943–present) -

Mexican chemist and one of the precursors to the discovery of the Antarctic ozone hole (1995 Nobel Prize in Chemistry).

· Peter Joseph Moloney (1891-1989) -

Canadian immunologist and pioneering vaccine researcher, who worked out the first large-scale purification of insulin in 1922. (International Gairdner Award 1967) ^[33]

· Gaspard Monge (1746–1818) –

French mathematician, father of descriptive geometry

· John J. Montgomery (1858-1911) -

American physicist and inventor of gliders and aerodynamics.

· Giovanni Battista Morgagni (1682–1771) –

Italian anatomist, father of modern anatomical pathology^[34]

· Johannes Peter Müller (1801–1858) –

German physiologist, founder of modern physiology^[35]

· Joseph Murray (1919–2012) –

American plastic surgeon, Nobel Prize in Medicine laureate.^[36]

· John von Neumann (1903–1957) –

Hungarian-born American mathematician and polymath ^[37] who converted to Catholicism ^[38]

· Jean-Antoine Nollet (1700–1770) –

Discovered the phenomenon of osmosis in natural membranes.

· William of Ockham (c.1288–c.1348) –

Franciscan Friar known for Ockham's Razor

· Nicole Oresme (c.1320–1382) –

14th century bishop who theorized the daily rotation of the earth on its axis

· Barnaba Oriani (1752–1832) –

Italian priest, known for Oriani's theorem and for his research on Uranus

· Abraham Ortelius (1527–1598) –

Flemish = Dutch cartographer and geographer, created the first modern atlas and theorized on continental drift

· Blaise Pascal (1623–1662) –

French mathematician, physicist, inventor, writer and philosopher

· Louis Pasteur (1822–1895) –

Father of bacteriology^[3]^[39]

· Wolfgang Ernst Pauli (1900 – 1958) -

Austrian-born Swiss theoretical physicist, pioneer of quantum physics

· Max Perutz (1914–2002) –

Austrian-born British molecular biologist, who shared the 1962 Nobel Prize for Chemistry ^[40]^[41]^[42]

· Nicolas-Claude Fabri de Peiresc (1580–1637) –

French astronomer, discovered the Orion Nebula

· Georg von Peuerbach (1423–1461) –

Austrian astronomer, called the father of mathematical and observational astronomy in the West^[43]

· Giuseppe Piazzi (1746–1826) –

Italian Catholic Theatine order priest who discovered the asteroid Ceres and did important work cataloguing stars

· Jean Picard (1620–1682) –

French priest and father of modern astronomy in France^[44]

· Vladimir Prelog (1906–1998) –

Croatian-Swiss organic chemist, winner of the 1975 Nobel Prize for chemistry.

· Jules Henri Poincaré (1854–1912) –

French mathematician, theoretical physicist, engineer and philosopher of science

· John Polanyi (1929– ) –

Canadian chemist who won the 1986 Nobel Prize for his research in chemical kinetics.^[45]

· Michael Polanyi (1891–1976) –

Hungarian-British polymath who made contributions to physical chemistry, economics, and philosophy.

· Santiago Ramón y Cajal (1852–1934) –

Spanish pathologist, histologist, neuroscientist, awarded the Nobel Prize for his contributions to neuroscience

· René Antoine Ferchault de Réaumur (1683–1757) –

Scientific polymath known especially for his study of insects

· Francesco Redi (1626–1697) –

Italian physician, his experiments with maggots were a major step in overturning the idea of spontaneous generation

· Henri Victor Regnault (1810–1878) –

French chemist with two laws governing the specific heat of gases named after him^[46]

· Giovanni Battista Riccioli (1598–1671) –

Italian Jesuit priest and the first person to measure the acceleration due to gravity of falling bodies

· Gregorio Ricci-Curbastro (1853-1925) –

Italian mathematician, One of the founders of tensor calculus

· Gilles de Roberval (1602-1675) –

French mathematician who studied the geometry of infinitesimals and was one of the founders of kinematic geometry

· Frederick Rossini (1899–1990) –

American thermodynamicist, Priestley Medal and Laetare Medal winning chemist.^[47]

· Theodor Schwann (1810–1882) –

German physiologist, founder of the theory of the cellular structure of animal organisms

· Angelo Secchi (1818–1878) –

Italian Jesuit priest who developed the first system of stellar classification

· Ignaz Semmelweis (1818–1865) –

Hungarian physician, early pioneer of antiseptic procedures and the discoverer of the cause of puerperal fever

· Domingo de Soto (1494–1560) -

Spanish Dominican priest and professor at the University of Salamanca; in his commentaries to Aristotle he proposed that free falling bodies undergo constant acceleration

· Lazzaro Spallanzani (1729–1799) –