Geneva
Conference begins 26/4/1954
(Sáu mươi bốn năm qua!)
Sau khi Pháp + Quốc Gia Việt-Nam bi thua trận Điện Biên Phủ năm 1954
thi:
ĐiÊn Biên Phủ 1954, Nấm Mồ Vĩ Đại
It ends on 21/7/1954
Les accords de Genève marquent la fin de la guerre
d'Indochine qui,
depuis 1946,
opposait principalement la France au Việt Minh dirigé par Hô Chi Minh. Le traité est rédigé à la suite de la chute du camp retranché de Ðiện Biên Phủ.
Il est officiellement
signé le 20 juillet 1954 à minuit puis ratifié le 21 juillet 1954, à Genève, entre la République française pour laquelle le général Henri Delteil représente le gouvernement Mendès-France et la République démocratique du Viêt Nam, nom utilisé depuis 1945 par le gouvernement Việt Minh.
Genève est une ville suisse située à l’extrémité ouest du Léman. Elle est la deuxième ville la plus peuplée de Suisse après Zurich.
Quân đội Nhân dân Việt Nam phất cờ Quyết chiến Quyết thắng trên nóc hầm
chỉ huy của Pháp tại Điện Biên Phủ
La conférence de Genève.
Bản đồ Đông Dương tháng
7 năm 1954, Nguồn: The Pentagon Papers Gravel Edition, Volume 1, Chapter 3,
"The Geneva Conference, May-July, 1954", page 123 (Boston: Beacon
Press, 1971)
Tạ Quang Bửu, phía đoàn Việt Nam Dân chủ Cộng hòa, và tướng
Pháp Henri Delteil, Quyền Tổng Tư lệnh Lực lượng Liên Hiệp Pháp ở Đông Dương,
Phái đoàn Pháp đang ký Hiệp định đình chỉ chiến sự tại Việt Nam
Photograph shows General Henri Delteil signing truce
documents at Geneva ending hostilites between the French and the communist-led
Vietminh forces.
The Geneva
Conference was a conference
among several nations that took place in Geneva, Switzerland from April 26 – July 20, 1954. It was intended to settle outstanding
issues resulting from the Korean
War and the First Indochina War. The part of the conference on the Korean
question ended without adopting any declarations or proposals, so is generally
considered less relevant. The Geneva Accords that dealt with the dismantling of French
Indochina proved
to have long-lasting repercussions, however. The crumbling of the French Empire in
Southeast Asia would create the eventual states of the Democratic
Republic of Vietnam (North
Vietnam), the State
of Vietnam (the
future Republic of Vietnam / South
Vietnam), the Kingdom of Cambodia, and
the Kingdom
of Laos.
Diplomats from South Korea, North Korea, the People's Republic of China (PRC), the Union of Soviet Socialist
Republics (USSR),
and the United States of America (US) dealt with the Korean side of the Conference.
For the Indochina side, the Accords were between France, the Viet
Minh, the USSR, the PRC, the US, the United Kingdom, and the future
states being made from French Indochina. The agreement temporarily separated Vietnam
into two zones, a northern zone to be governed by the Viet
Minh rebels,
and a southern zone to be governed by the State
of Vietnam, then headed by former emperor Bảo Đại. A Conference
Final Declaration, issued by the British chairman of the conference, provided
that a general election be held by July 1956 to create a unified Vietnamese
state. Despite helping create the agreements, they were not directly signed
onto nor accepted by delegates of both the State of Vietnam and the United
States. In addition, three separate ceasefire accords, covering Cambodia, Laos,
and Vietnam, were signed at the conference.
The partition of French Indochina that resulted from the Conference. Three
successor states were created: the Kingdom
of Cambodia, the Kingdom of Laos, and the Democratic
Republic of Vietnam, the new
state won by Ho Chi Minh's Viet Minh. The State of Vietnam was shrunk to only cover the southern part of
Vietnam. The division of Vietnam was intended to be temporary, with elections
planned for in 1956 to reunify the country.
"Charles
de Gaulle and Ho Chi Minh are hanged" in effigy by students demonstrating
in Saigon, July 1964, on the 10th anniversary of the Geneva Accords.
Geneva Conference, 21
July 1954. Last plenary session on Indochina in the Palais des Nations. Second
left Vyacheslav Molotov, 2 unidentified Russians, Anthony Eden, Sir Harold
Caccie and W.D. Allen. In the foreground, the North Vietnamese delegation.
Anticommunist Vietnamese
refugees moving from a French LSM landing ship to the USS Montague during Operation
Passage to Freedom in August 1954.
Những người di cư bằng
thuyền năm 1954 từ miền Bắc
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